Environmental Crime and Punishment: Evidence from the German Experience
نویسنده
چکیده
Environmental crimes are unauthorized acts against the environment that are subject to criminal prosecution and sanction. While their deterrence e¤ect is largely unknown, policy is moving rapidly towards strengthening the role of criminal sanctioning in the context of environmental crime. This paper provides new evidence on the e¤ects of the use of criminal sanctions in environmental policy making. It does so by specifying a theoretical model of reported crime and implementing it in the shape of a dynamic panel data analysis. Public reporting e¤ort is explicitely modeled and tested via novel applications of recent econometric methods. The most important nding is that the calculus of deterrenceis operational in the context of environmental crime. Surprisingly, however, it is the public nature of sanctioning that provides one of the most signi cant deterrents, rather than the probability of conviction or the magnitude of prison terms. JEL classi cation: Q53; K32; K42; C23
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